What is a key dimension of an effective leader?

• A. Structures competitive relationships
• B. Bases influence primarily on the ability to reward or punish
• C. Demonstrates integrity
• D. Resolves conflicts by forcing a particular solution

Answer: (C)

Demonstrates integrity is the best answer because integrity is the foundation of trust in leadership. When a leader consistently acts in line with stated values and ethical standards, team members know what to expect, which builds safety, credibility, and accountability. This trust enables honest communication, ethical decision-making under pressure, and the willingness of others to follow and speak up when needed. Integrity also means owning mistakes and doing the right thing even when it’s costly, which reinforces respect and reliability. In contrast, relying on competitive structures focuses on external power dynamics, using rewards or punishments is a transactional approach, and forcing a single solution suppresses input and trust. Hence, integrity best captures the lasting quality that makes a leader effective.